Congugating the Present Tense
There are four categories of verbs in Moroccan Arabic (Darija) and they are all congugated with the same prefixes and suffixes:
| Person (English) | Person (Darija) | Present prefixes and suffixes |
|---|---|---|
| I | ‘anaa | kan … |
| you (s, m) | ntaa | kat … |
| you (s, f) | ntee | kat … ee |
| he | howa | kay … |
| she | heeya | kat … |
| we | hnaa | kan … oo |
| you (pl) | ntoomaa | kat … oo |
| they | homaa | kay … oo |
CCC & CC verbs
Most verbs in Moroccan Arabic (Darija) fall into the category of CCC verbs (Consonant, Consonant, Consonant), for example:
qt3
(to cut)
n3s
(to sleep)
shrb
(to drink – sh is one consonant in arabic script)
qllb
(to look for – “ll” is one letter with a shedda on it, in arabic script)
ftr
(have breakfast)
lbs
(get dressed)
gls
(sit down)
khrj
(go out)
etc.
Some verbs have the CC form (Consonant, Consonant), for example:
chdd
(to take)
Hll
(to open)
sdd
(to close)
kbb
(to pour)
etc.
Note: all of these are written with just two letters (two consonants) in Arabic script – with a shedda on the second consonant.
To conjugate CCC & CC verbs, we just add the present tense prefixes and suffixes:
| Person (English) | Person (Darija) | Conjugation of the verb “shrb” |
|---|---|---|
| I | ‘anaa | kanshrb |
| you (s, m) | ntaa | katshrb |
| you (s, f) | ntee | katshrb ee |
| he | howa | kayshrb |
| elle | heeya | katshrb |
| we | hnaa | kanshrb oo |
| you (pl) | ntoomaa | katshrb oo |
| they | homaa | kayshrb oo |
CCV et CVC verbs
There are some verbes that fall into the CCV category of verbs (Consonant, Consonant, Vowel), for example:
mshaa
(to go)
shraa
(to buy)
tlqaa
(to meet)
nqaa
(to clean)
etc.
There are also CVC verbs (Consonant, Vowel, Consonant), for example:
gaal
(to say)
kaan
(to bee)
baan
(to appear)
taar
(to fly)
etc.
To conjugate CCV and CVC verbs, some of the verbs keep the “aa” vowel, while other verbs have their “aa” vowel replaced by “ee” or “oo”. For example the verb “mshaa” becomes “mchee” and then we add the present tense prefixes and suffixes:
| Person (English) | Personne (Darija) | Conjugation of the verb “mshaa” |
|---|---|---|
| I | ‘anaa | kanmshee |
| you (s, m) | ntaa | katmshee |
| you (s, f) | ntee | katmshee ee |
| he | howa | kaymshee |
| she | heeya | katmshee |
| we | hnaa | kanmshee oo |
| you (pl) | ntoomaa | katmshee oo |
| they | homaa | kaymshee oo |
Here is an example using the verb “gaal” CVC category. The verb “gaal” becomes “gool” and then we add the present tense prefixes and suffixes.:
| Person (English) | Person (Darija) | Conjugation of the verb “gaal” |
|---|---|---|
| I | ‘anaa | kangool |
| tu/vous (s. m.) | ntaa | katgool |
| tu/vous (s. f.) | nti | katgool i |
| il | howa | kaygool |
| elle | hiya | katgool |
| nous | hnaa | kangool oo |
| vous (pl) | ntoumaa | katgool oo |
| ils | homaa | kaygool oo |
In our dictionary, we have indicated if the vowel changes by putting that change in brackets, for example: “mshaa (mchee) CCV” and “gaal (gool) CVC”.
Irregular verbs
There are just two irregular verbs in the present tense: “klaa” (to eat) and “khdaa” (to take). Here are their present tense conjugations:
| Person (English) | Person (Darija) | Conjugation of the verb “klaa” | Conjugation of the verb “khdaa” |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | ‘anaa | kanakol |
kanakhod |
| you (s, m) | ntaa | katakol |
katakhod |
| you (s, f) | ntee | katakol ee |
katakhod ee |
| he | howa | kayakol |
kayakhod |
| she | heeya | katakol |
katakhod |
| we | hnaa | kanakl oo |
kanakhod oo |
| you (pl) | ntoomaa | katakl oo |
katakhod oo |
| they | homaa | kayakl oo |
kayakhod oo |